Further Reading

Christopher Clark, The Sleepwalkers: How Europe Went to War in 1914 (Allen Lane, 2012).

Misha Glenny, The Balkans 1804-1999: Nationalism, War and the Great Powers (Granta, 2000).

Mark Mazower, The Balkans: From the End of Byzantium to the Present Day (Phoenix, 2000).

For more articles on this subject visit www.historytoday.com

One of many: burying a soldier after the battle of Adrianople, 1913.

Serbian refugees flee Macedonia as fighting breaks out between the Kosovo Liberation Army and Serbian forces in 1999.

The Balkans, 1912-18.

Contemporary postcard showing the Greek fleet attacking Ottoman positions in the First Balkan War.

Nikola, King of Montenegro from 1910, rallies troops as his country declares war on the Ottoman Empire, October 8th, 1912.

French cartoon of Tsar Nicholas II admonishing Bulgaria for its greed over the partition of Macedonia in the Balkan Wars.

Bulgarian troops at the Serbian border during the Second Balkan War, June 1913.

Yugoslav Communist leader Josip Broz Tito (right) poses with his staff and the Serbian Chetnik leader Draza Mihailovic (in spectacles) during the Second World War.

UN troops patrol Ahinici, Bosnia, after Croat forces massacred Muslim civilians, whose mosque was destroyed in the fighting, April 1993.

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By Richard C. Hall